Problem Description: I-frames usually produce bitrate peaks (since temporal redundancy is not exploited). I-frame peaks make difficult to keep HRD compliancy and some devices can fail to cope with the peaks.
Solutions:
I observe three techniques in AVC/H.264 to smooth I-frame peaks:
1) Encode I-frame with a coarse QP. Disadvantage – poor quality of the entire GOP.
2) Use Periodic Intra Refresh technique – shortly, no key frames transmitted, instead of the key frames two column of intra MBs are transmitted in each frame. For details on Periodic Intra Refresh you are welocme to look through the following paper:
“Motion Adaptive Intra Refresh for the H.264 Video Coding Standard”, R. M. Schreier, A. Rothermel, 2006.
3) Encode I-frame as two field pictures where the top field is I-picture and the bottom one is P-picture. Thus, half of the frame is coded as inter and hence temporal redundancy is exploited. As a result I-frame peak is smoothed.
23+ years’ programming and theoretical experience in the computer science fields such as video compression, media streaming and artificial intelligence (co-author of several papers and patents).
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