Why is there no evidence of civilizations prior to about 12,000 years ago, despite Homo Sapiens having been around since 200,000 to 300,000 years ago?
Most archeologists suppose that the reason for lack of civilizations before 12,000 years ago is that unfavorable climate which prevented people from forming civilizations.
Homo Sapiens have been around since 200,000 to 300,000 years ago but didn’t settle down and didn’t develop the basic technologies of civilization until recent times. Actually for more than 95% of the time Homo Sapiens made their living by hunting and gathering wild plants.
It’s supposed that a civilization can’t start until people can settle in one place and have the time to invent technologies for metals, buildings, pottery, writing, and create a hierarchical social structure. Hunting and gathering wild plants required our ancestors to move ceaselessly.
Agriculture requires to stay in one place, but Homo Sapiens didn’t invent the agriculture until the last 10,000 years.
So, the question becomes, what made agriculture doable?
Climate is believed to be the key factor. The last 10,000 years have been with mild winters and moderate moisture. Before then, the world was colder than now, except for brief periods.
By the way, the earliest evidence of civilization appeared in Turkey’s Göbekli Tepe, which existed between 9,500 and 8000 BCE.
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